Cancer Care (Oncology)

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Cancer is a term used to describe a class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells. These cells have the potential to invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissues and can also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream and lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Cancer development is a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Although some cancers have a hereditary component, many cases are influenced by external factors such as tobacco use, exposure to harmful substances, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and certain infections.

Types of Cancer

There are more than 100 different types of cancer, classified based on the tissues or organs where they originate. Some of the most common types of cancer include:

Breast Cancer: This form of cancer develops in the breast tissue and can affect both men and women.

Lung Cancer: Primarily caused by smoking, lung cancer starts in the lungs and may spread to other parts of the body.

Prostate Cancer: Occurring in the prostate gland, this cancer is more common in men and often grows slowly.

Colorectal Cancer: Affects the colon or rectum and is more likely to occur in older individuals.

Skin Cancer: The most prevalent type of cancer, it develops in the skin due to excessive exposure to the sun’s harmful UV rays.

Leukaemia: A cancer of the blood and bone marrow, characterised by abnormal production of white blood cells.

Lymphoma: This cancer originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system.

Pancreatic Cancer: Occurring in the pancreas, this cancer is often aggressive and difficult to detect in its early stages.

Treatment for Cancer

Advances in medical research and technology have significantly improved cancer treatment options, and the choice of treatment depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health.

Surgery: Surgical intervention involves the removal of cancerous tumours and surrounding tissues to prevent the spread of cancer.

Chemotherapy: This systemic treatment uses drugs to kill cancer cells or inhibit their growth. It can be administered intravenously or orally.

Radiation Therapy: Utilizing high-energy rays, radiation therapy targets and destroys cancer cells or prevents their growth.

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy helps the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells, boosting the body’s natural defence mechanisms.

Targeted Therapy: Targeted drugs are designed to interfere with specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth, causing less harm to healthy cells.

Hormone Therapy: Often used in breast and prostate cancer, hormone therapy alters hormone levels to slow down or prevent cancer growth.

Stem Cell Transplantation: Stem cells are used to replace damaged bone marrow after high-dose chemotherapy or radiation.

Precision Medicine: This approach uses genetic testing to identify specific genetic mutations in the tumour, guiding personalized treatment plans.

Conclusion

Cancer is a complex and challenging disease, but advancements in medical science offer hope in the fight against it. Early detection, lifestyle changes, and regular screenings are essential in reducing cancer risk. If you or a loved one are facing a cancer diagnosis, consult with healthcare professionals to explore the best treatment options available in India. Stay informed, take care of your health, and remember that ongoing research brings us closer to better understanding and managing cancer.

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